After the end of WWII, the Jews in Bohemia were taken care of by the Social Welfare Department of the Council of Jewish Communities. Most of these services were financed by the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, also known as the JDC or simply the “Joint”. The work of this American voluntary agency became the main target of attacks once the Communists seized all power in Czechoslovakia in 1948. In 1950 the JDC was expelled, but the need for social work remained.