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Bernard relates his experience as an American GI liberating the Gunskirchen concentration camp in Austria in May 1945. Bernard Bermack was born April 3, 1922, in St. Louis, Missouri. Bernard entered the United States Army on October 7, 1942. After receiving training as an artillery specialist, Bernard went overseas as a member of Patton’s Third Army. In May 1945, he was dispatched to serve in an aid organization, the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA).
liberation, liberator, exhibit, male, clip, Bernard Bermack / Tuesday, April 30, 2013
Charlotte shares her experience as a U.S. Army nurse who participated in the liberation of the Dachau concentration camp in Germany in May 1945. Charlotte Chaney was born Charlotte Ellner on October 15, 1921, in Perth Amboy, New Jersey. Charlotte was trained as a nurse and then volunteered for the Army Air Corps in 1944. That same year she married United States Navyman Bernard Chaney. In May 1945, Charlotte was sent to Europe as a part of the Red Cross, not knowing she was about to take part in the liberation of Dachau concentration camp.
liberation, female, exhibit, clip, Charlotte Chaney / Tuesday, April 30, 2013
Rose describes her realization that the war had ended and her experience of being liberated from Ober Altstadt labor camp in Czechoslovakia in May 1945. Rose Kaplovitz was born Rozia Zaks on September 6, 1930, in Sosnowiec, Poland. Rose remembers her childhood in the Jewish community on the Polish-German border as relatively happy and secure. However, on the second day of the German invasion of Poland in September 1939, Rose witnessed her brother’s execution by German officers.
liberation, survivor, exhibit, clip, female, Rose Kaplovitz / Tuesday, April 30, 2013
As the Allies retook control of lands that had been occupied by the Germans, they came across many Nazi camps. In some instances, the Nazis had tried to destroy all evidence of the camps, in order to conceal from the world what had happened there. In other cases, only the buildings remained as the Nazis had sent the prisoners elsewhere, often on death marches.
/ Tuesday, April 30, 2013
Alex recalls listening to Adolf Hitler's radio addresses before the war. He remembers how Polish Jews living in Germany were expelled from the country.
jewish survivor, clip, prewar, male, alex chevion / Saturday, May 4, 2013
Steve recalls how Jewish kids were harassed at school and Polish kids and Jewish kids played separately.
jewish survivor, prewar, clip, male, Steve Lewkowicz / Saturday, May 4, 2013
Margaret Lambert speaks about her childhood and relationship with her immediate family in pre-war Germany. She discusses her Jewish identity.
Gender: FemaleDOB: April 12, 1914City of Birth: Laupheim (Germany)Country of Birth: GermanyGhettos: N/AWent into hiding: NoOther experiences: N/A
jewish survivor, prewar, clip, female, margaret lambert / Saturday, May 4, 2013
These testimony segments focus on descriptions of home life, family events, religious observances, and education before the occurrence of genocide.
prewar, tcv / Saturday, May 4, 2013
Jewish Survivor
Hy remembers his father's decision to hide the family after Jews were ordered to leave their homes. He recalls the betrayal of his family by a man they knew.
hiding, jewish survivor, clip, male, hy abrahms / Sunday, May 5, 2013
Jewish Survivor
During the war, Marcia hid with a family with two older daughters who were very kind to her. This was a huge sacrifice this family took to keep Marcia in their home.
hiding, jewish survivor, clip, female, marcia spies / Sunday, May 5, 2013
Jewish Survivor
Kristine Keren remembers how she and her father escaped from the Lwów ghetto in Poland and spent fourteen months hiding in the sewers beneath the city.
Gender: Female
DOB: October 28, 1935
City of Birth: Lwów (Poland)
Country of Birth: Poland
Ghettos: Lwów (Poland : Ghetto)
Went into hiding: Yes
Other experiences: ghetto escapes, roundup evasion
hiding, jewish survivor, clip, female, kristine keren / Sunday, May 5, 2013
These testimony segments focus on physical concealment (as an individual or part of a family) to avoid ghettoization, incarceration, deporation, or other forms of persecution
hiding, tcv / Sunday, May 5, 2013
Jewish Survivor
Henry talks about living in the Warsaw ghetto. He tells of his efforts to acquire food for his family and describes how he snuck in and out of the ghetto through rain gutters.
ghetto, jewish survivor, clip, male, henry greenblatt / Sunday, May 5, 2013
Jewish Survivor
Nathan recalls sharing a living space with his family in the ghetto and how they didn't get to shower everyday. He also recalls that children were not as concerned as the adults but wondered when everything was going to end.
ghetto, jewish survivor, clip, male, nathan peters / Sunday, May 5, 2013
Jewish Survivor
Helen Fagin decribes the 'cultural resistance' through education in the Radomsko ghetto in Poland. She explains how reading a Polish translation of Gone With the Wind allowed her and her students to at least temporarily dream of a different world outside the reality of the ghetto.
ghetto, jewish survivor, clip, female, helen fagin / Sunday, May 5, 2013
This theme focuses on how the Nazis forced large numbers of Jews into restricted housing areas, often enforced with walls, fences, and/or guard towers. Movement in and out of the ghettos was strictly controlled and violation was punishable by death.
ghetto, tcv / Sunday, May 5, 2013
Jewish Survivor
Erna recalls arrival and intake procedures at Auschwitz-Birkenau. She describes the fate of newly arrived internees. Erna talks about volunteering for work, a measure she employed in vain to be reunited with her parents.
camps, jewish survivor, clip, female, erna anolik / Sunday, May 5, 2013
Jewish Survivor
George recalls a guard who allowed George and his brother 20 minutes to find their mother inside of a camp. It was the last time they saw her.
camps, jewish survivor, clip, male, George Gottlieb / Sunday, May 5, 2013
Jewish Survivor
Ellis Lewin remembers arrival at Auschwitz and separation of family members. He explains his parents' efforts to survive the selection.
Gender: MaleDOB: May 22, 1932City of Birth: Lódz (Poland)Country of Birth: PolandGhettos: Lódz (Poland : Ghetto)Went into hiding: YesOther experiences: Displaced persons camps
camps, jewish survivor, clip, male, ellis lewin / Sunday, May 5, 2013
"Concentration Camps" or "Labor Camps" were facilities in which people were incarcerated on the basis of their political and/or religious beliefs or ethnicity, usually without regard to due process.
camps, tcv / Sunday, May 5, 2013
Jewish Survivor
Esther talks about her lack of awareness of wartime political events while hiding in Italy. She describes her liberation by members of the Jewish Brigade. Esther speaks of her struggle with identity which ensued after liberation from living in both hiding and under a false name.
liberation, jewish survivor, clip, female, esther bem / Sunday, May 5, 2013
Liberator
James recalls 10 days of fighting Germans until they surrendered. While searching for a place for the American soldiers to stay for the night, he encountered a barrack with prisoners. He describes the horrors of those images as well as his efforts to get medical attention to the survivors.
liberation, liberator, clip, male, James Hayes / Sunday, May 5, 2013
Jewish Survivor
Irene recounts her experience of being liberated by the British Army from the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in Germany in April 1945. She describes that by the time of her liberation she was too sick and too desensitized by her experiences to feel any emotions even though she realized the war was over.
liberation, jewish survivor, clip, female, Irene Weiss / Sunday, May 5, 2013
Liberation is typically characterized by the arrival of Allied forces. Interviewees tell of liberation from concentration camps, or during death marches, or may describe liberation upon emergence from hiding.
liberation, tcv / Sunday, May 5, 2013
Jewish Survivor
In New York City on September 11, 2001, Miriam contrasts her Holocaust experiences with the events transpiring at the very time of her interview. Miriam notes her desire to protect her children and grandchildren from the hatred she experienced.
post-war, jewish survivor, clip, female, miriam tauber / Sunday, May 5, 2013
Jewish Survivor
Romana describes growing up in a small Polish town after the war and how her family had to give up most of the space in their home according to Communist rule. They were forced to live together with a family that had an abusive father who tried to attack Romana and her mother.
post-war, jewish survivor, clip, female, romana farrington / Sunday, May 5, 2013
Jewish Survivor
Malka Baran remembers working with children in a displaced persons' camp and notes that it was this work that helped her resume a normal life after the Holocaust.
Gender: Female
DOB: January 30, 1927
City of Birth: Warsaw (Poland)
Country of Birth: Poland
Ghettos: Czestochowa (Poland : Ghetto)
Went into hiding: No
Other experiences: displaced persons camps
post-war, jewish survivor, clip, female, malka baran / Sunday, May 5, 2013
These are accounts of life after genocide—including, but not limited to, experiences after liberation from captivity or emergence from hiding—and often includes a message for future generations.
post-war, tcv / Sunday, May 5, 2013
Cambodian Genocide Survivor
Phansy details how she was affected by losing both her parents and children during the genocide.
Born: December 10, 1950City of Birth: Phnom Penh (Cambodia)Country of birth: CambodiaCooperatives: Kandal province (Cambodia); Pursat province (Cambodia)Liberated by: Vietnamese armed forcesLiberation location: Pursat province (Cambodia)
family loss, cambodian survivor, clip, female, phansy peang / Sunday, May 5, 2013
Survivor of Genocide in Rwanda
Emmanuel talks about the last time he saw his pregnant cousin alive.
Born: January 10, 1975City of Birth: Rutonde (Rwamagana, Rwanda)In hiding: Kicukiro (Kigali, Rwanda)Liberated by: Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF)Liberation location: Nyamirambo (Kigali, Rwanda)
family loss, rwandan survivor, clip, male, emmanuel gatali / Sunday, May 5, 2013