C&H_Ghetto Living Conditions_CN

During World War II, China was divided into three occupation zones among the Communist (CCP) forces led by Mao Tse-tung based in the north, the Nationalist (Kuomintang, KMT) forces led by Chiang Kai-shek based in the west, and the Japanese armed forces along the eastern seaboard. When the U.S. enters World War II on December 8, 1941, the United States becomes an ally of China. On February 18, 1943, as a result of German pressure, Japanese authorities established a ghetto in the Hongkew neighborhood of Shanghai for stateless Jewish refugees who had arrived in Shanghai from Germany and German-occupied areas of Europe from 1937-1942. On July 17, 1945, the Shanghai ghetto experiences an accidental but devastating air raid on Japanese installations, which kills 31 refugees, injures 25, and leaves over 700 homeless. The Pacific war ends on August 14, and Nationalists and Communists begin their race to take over Japanese-held territories. When the Japanese surrendered on September 2, 1945, there were approximately 17,000 Jews living in Shanghai. The Shanghai ghetto was liberated with the arrival of an American goodwill mission on September 3, 1945.

• 

  Language: Mandarin
• 

  Language: Mandarin

  Judith describes the overcrowded housing conditions in the Hongkew ghetto in Shanghai, China and discusses the general lack of privacy.
• 

  Language: Mandarin