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C&H_Migration from China_CN

When the Japanese surrender on September 2, 1945, there are 25,000 to 30,000 Jews in China, 17,000 of them in Shanghai. The Shanghai ghetto is only opened with the arrival of an American goodwill mission on September 3, 1945. Communists and Nationalists race to establish positions in Japanese-occupied areas of China. During 1945-1947, Manchuria is under Soviet occupation, and Jewish community leaders of Harbin are arrested and sent to the Soviet interior. Chinese Nationalists and Communists sign a truce on January 10, 1946. Armed conflict resumes with the expiration of the truce on June 30, 1946. By early 1947, the tide begins turning in favor of the Communists. Communists take Kaifeng during 1948, and control all of Manchuria by mid-September. They take Tianjin (Tientsin) on January 15, 1949, and Shanghai on May 25, 1949. During 1948-1949, a large number of Jews leave China. Many move to Israel, but others go to Hong Kong, Japan, Australia, or North or South America.When the Japanese surrender on September 2, 1945, there are 25,000 to 30,000 Jews in China, 17,000 of them in Shanghai. The Shanghai ghetto is only opened with the arrival of an American goodwill mission on September 3, 1945. Communists and Nationalists race to establish positions in Japanese-occupied areas of China. During 1945-1947, Manchuria is under Soviet occupation, and Jewish community leaders of Harbin are arrested and sent to the Soviet interior. Chinese Nationalists and Communists sign a truce on January 10, 1946.  Armed conflict resumes with the expiration of the truce on June 30, 1946. By early 1947, the tide begins turning in favor of the Communists. Communists take Kaifeng during 1948, and control all of Manchuria by mid-September. They take Tianjin (Tientsin) on January 15, 1949, and Shanghai on May 25, 1949. During 1948-1949, a large number of Jews leave China. Many move to Israel, but others go to Hong Kong, Japan, Australia, or North or South America.

  • Language: Mandarin

  • Language: Mandarin

  • Language: Mandarin

  • Language: Mandarin

    Hildegard recalls her trip from Shanghai, China to San Francisco, CA, on the board of the U.S. Army transporter “Marine  Adder,” in August 1947.  She explains that the trip was sponsored by the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC).