In the wake of the 1994 genocide against the Tutsis in Rwanda, government officials, memory workers, and human rights activists have all deployed a litany of Holocaust references — from discussions of “Never Again” to allusions to Primo Levi’s “grey zone.” Drawing upon research conducted with testimonies from the USC Shoah Foundation Visual History Archive, Charlotte Kiechel (Visiting Assistant Professor, Williams College) will illuminate the global uses of Holocaust memory by examining Rwandan governmental forces use of Holocaust references.